Homosexuality Is A Way Of Living Life - 1911 Words

Homosexuality is one the most controversial topics societies have faced and continue to face. The beliefs of many people around the world about the nature of homosexuality, go into two patterns called choice and gene. Is homosexuality a choice or a gene? Are we born the way we are? Or are we shaped by the environmental factors while we grow up? The origin of homosexuality has been discussed intensively around the world. Gay is a sexual orientation, but the fact of acting on it is a choice. However, every person has their own views regarding this concept throughout time. Some people believe that homosexuality is a way of living life that people choose. On the other hand, some say that homosexuality is a gene or even worse a disease. The hypotheses that homosexuality is a disease that can and need to be cured has been supported by multiple people around the world. Throughout history, research, doctors and philosophers have spent time debating about the origin of homosexuality. Edmund Bergler was one of them, an Austrian-born American psychoanalyst whose book covered such topics as childhood development, mid-life crises and human behavior in general. He was the most important theorist of homosexuality in the 1950s. In 1951, Bergler wrote† Homosexuality: Disease or Way of life† to deeply explore the origin of homosexuality. In the book, he argues that homosexuality is a disease and not a choice, an argument that I do not accept. According to him, homosexuals are a smallShow MoreRelatedShould Homosexuals Be Stopped?822 Words   |  3 Pagesis no exact definition of homosexuality, but what we are sure of that it is not a physical defect, it is not a mental illness and it’s not a demonic act of possession. Homosexuality means that two people male/female from the same sex or sexually attracted to each other this could also be called same sex attraction. Some people experience same sex attraction or homosexuality, they have this feeling that they a re different from others, some people say they have felt that way since a very early age soRead MoreWhy Homosexuality Is Not Just An Issue960 Words   |  4 Pagesto be Loved-Why Homosexuality is not Just an Issue, Preston Sprinkle goes into an in depth discussion about homosexuality and how it is not just about being an issue and sin, homosexuality is about the treatment of the people. The tone of this book is conversational, making the understanding of the issues at hand much easier to comprehend. Summary. In People to be Loved, Sprinkle wrestles with the ideas of homosexuality in the Bible, as well as, reflecting us back to real life stories of peopleRead More Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Homosexuality and the Media1555 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality and the Media      Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many different aspects of life that Americans are exposed to on television each day. Some examples are things such as violence, sex and alcohol and in todays more accepting society, the issue of alternative lifestyles. This issue was not as predominant ten years ago as it is today. Yes, for many years there have been sexual undertones in many popular television shows or movies, but it was not until recently that these actors and actresses were actuallyRead MoreUgandan Laws on Homosexuality744 Words   |  3 PagesThe phenomenon of homosexuality has always been a controversy to almost every culture and society. Throughout history, various positions regarding homosexuality have been taken, some oppose homosexuality and some are with homosexuality and have their own reasons. According to John Bancroft, graduate sexologist of Cambridge University and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at (IUSM) Indiana University School of Medicine, of 42 cultures, 41 % are strongly against homosexuality and 33% ignored the conceptRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1680 Words   |  7 Pageswrote his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, which follows the life of a young man living in late nineteenth-century London. The novel shares a similar storyline with that of Wilde’s life, as Wilde wrote it in attempt to justify his homosexuality. The protagonist of the novel, Dorian Gray, enters the story an innocent man, but eventually becomes corrupt due to his need for instant pleasure. Wilde recognizes that the topic of his homosexuality brings up the importance of challenging society, but he usesRead MoreUgandas Anti-gay Laws Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagessevere as life in prison or death sentence. The U.S. should step in and act as an International police force before things get too out of hand because nobody should be put to death or spend lifetime in prison for being who they are. Uganda began to see gay rights as a problem. Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda, is disgusted with the outbreak of homosexuality in his country and he wants LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) extinguished. Museveni believes that homosexuality was â€Å"provokedRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreHomosexuality As A Psychological Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe social argument for homosexuality dates back to the ancient Greeks. Aristophanes, in his Symposium investigates homosexuality, although not termed as such, as a desire by men to share a long-term fulfillment of the soul. He believed that two souls are longing to be together, and the sexual desire alone is not strong enough to create homosexuality, but that the cultural environment allows or forbids the relationship to occur (Heffner, 2003). Th e debate about homosexuality dates back further thanRead MoreThe Oppression Of Opposite Sex Sexuality And Relationships860 Words   |  4 Pagesheterosexuals is the normal and those who do not fit into this category are shunned. Throughout history, â€Å"homosexuality and bisexuality have been called many things; from sin, sickness, and crime, to orientation, identity and even a gift from God.† (372). Labels and judgments are justifications for society to marginalize people due to their sexuality. Our society tends to look for ways to justify homosexuality by looking for â€Å"deficiencies† through â€Å"medical or psychological terms† (373). Language is anotherRead MoreHomosexuality Is Defined As Sexual Desire Or Behavior936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Homosexuality hasn’t been discovered recently. It has been common in our world since ancient times and still exists today.† (K.J .Dover,n.d.). It’s in the nature of an individual to be a hom osexual, something that cannot be changed no matter how much you persuade or force them. People have different attitudes towards homosexuality; some are tolerant about it while others can’t stand the mere fact to see them around. This essay is going to define and briefly discuss homosexuality and how our society

Review Of The Movie The Dark Of The Night - 1404 Words

In the dark of the night a man walks through the dirty streets of the city, the noise of the busy city surround him. Making his way through the streets that disgust him so a masked man looks upon a skyscraper. The date is October 12th, 1985 and tonight a comedian died in New York. A hero is defined as a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. An antihero is a protagonist who lacks the attributes that make a heroic figure, as nobility of mind and spirit, a life or attitude marked by action or purpose, and the like. The Watchmen movie is based on the comic book series created by Alan Moore, highly praised it is featured on Times List of 100 Best Novels. The Watchmen film features an array of heroes that are not really heroes; they exemplify the characteristics of being antiheroes. Watchmen shows an interesting take on heroism through the actions of its antiheroes Rorschach, The Comedian, and Dr. Manhattan. Before WWII masked vigilante s emerged creating an alternate universe where heroes exist and alter the events in history. The movie is set in the 1980 s where Richard Nixon is serving his fifth term as President, masked vigilantes are made illegal, and the world is on the edge of nuclear war. The film is set in motion when government sanctioned hero The Comedian is murdered; leading an illegal hero by the name of Rorschach investigates his death. Two of these heroes, Dr. Manhattan and Ozymandias work together with theShow MoreRelatedGet Out Movie Analysis989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Bubble Get Out is a mysterious movie that captures your attention right from the beginning. From the instant the movie commenced, I was left with many questions in my head. Why is this person walking alone into the pitch black night in a lonely neighborhood? More importantly, why is an unknown car following his every step? Giving you different perspectives from the starting point of the movie making you wonder what may occur next. Throughout the movie, it has an agenda of unsettling the audienceRead MoreFilm Critique : What Makes A Good Mystery?1750 Words   |  7 PagesShould there be an exciting twist within the suspense of the movie for the mystery to take place? Is it the unknown of the storyline that makes the mystery compelling and exciting? Where there are dark places, law breaker, and a twisted plot with some uncertainty are typical sign of a mystery film. The suspense of the story draw you in and the twisted surprising conclusions leave you speechless. A mystery film typically takes place in a dark setting in crime ridden areas. There is usually a seriousRead MoreEssay about No Country for Old Men766 Words   |  4 PagesI have always wanted to see this movie, but never had the time to get around to it. There was so much hype going around about it. When I first heard about the movie coming to theaters, it did not sound like a movie I would like. However, when the word got around to me, I knew I just had to check it out. I must say that I am glad I sat down and watched it in its entirety. My first opinion was totally wrong. After watching the movie, I now understand the buzz that followed it. It was a classic storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mississippi Burning1096 Words   |  5 Pages The movie â€Å"Mississippi Burning† directed by Alan Parker was addressed issues about civil rights and civil right movement in 1964. The issues of rights and equally are the main conflict of the movie. The movie was released in cinemas to depict certain ideology to people about poor exercise of equality in America in 1960’s. 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The black and white, pessimistic film â€Å"is one of the greatest British thrillers of the post-war era, in the best Alfred Hitchcock tradition, and beautifully produced†¦.It was voted the #1 British Film of the 20thRead MoreAnalysis Of Chop Shop1366 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom poverty soon with just a little hard work. After Ale confronts Izzy at night while she is working as a prostitute, she runs home upset and sleeps in the bathroom. The next morning, they awaken and meet outside the garage in the morning sunlight. Ale, smiling, begins feeding pigeons. Once there’s a large crowd, Izzy stands up and smiles and goes â€Å"HEY† and they all fly away (Bahrani). The contrast between the dark night they returned home and the bright morning is stark. Th e new morning broughtRead MoreSnow White and the Huntsman1324 Words   |  6 PagesBy fairest blood it is done, by fairest blood it is undone Snow white and the huntsman is the battle between beauty and innocence for fairest blood. 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Capability of Leadership and Management

Question: Discuss about the Capability of Leadership and Management. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is the practical skill that encompasses the capability of an individual to lead or guide other individuals for achieving a set goal. Many schools of opinions define leadership as the process of social influence that enable an individual to support and aid others for accomplishing a task. Leadership makes up an important element of the global economy as a contributing factor for the success of organizations. Different organizations across the globe are increasingly becoming flourishing due to the leadership style their leaders abide by (Du et al. 2013). The present essay is aimed at analyzing the leadership styles of three leaders who are famous for the leadership style they exhibit. The three leaders selected for the assignment are Bob MacDonald, Ursula Burns and Jeff Bezos. The leadership styles of these leaders are analyzed with the reference to the leadership concepts like the psychology of leadership, ethics and evolution of leadership, leadership theories and multi-cu ltural leadership. The essay compares and contrasts the leaders and presents an argument for which leader exhibits the most effective leadership style in the contemporary globalized economy. Ursula Burns is the chairman and CEO of Xerox Corporation. She started her career in 1980 as an intern in Xerox Corporation and held many leadership posts in corporate services. She is the first Black-American woman CEO to lead the Fortune 500 Company. She is rated as the worlds 22nd most powerful woman by Forbes in 2014 (Ndubuizu and Britton 2016). She helped to transform the company from global leader to worlds most diversified business company in document technology. Her leadership and management spearheaded the Xerox Corporation to be one of the leading in business process services and leader in market share industry. Ursula Burns lead a workforce of 140,000 employees and serve clients in more than 160 companies. She has unique leadership skills, styles and a deep sense of industry experience made her the global leader in document outsourcing and management. The power of communication, culture, vision, people, customer and leadership are the leadership lessons that made her a successful leader (Hughes 2015). Ursula shared that successful communication is a must that is built being straightforward and being honest. The power of culture will help a business to succeed by strengthening the teamwork, diversity and good times and by changing the bad things. The power of vision by making the employees aim, help them exceed forward and reach the highest success. She believes that when the people are aligned and projected towards a common objective and goal that leads to success defining the power of people. A customer-centric service is the power of the customer. Finally, the most important power is the value of leadership that is indispensable and by being honest, consistent and forceful a leader would help the company to reach the heights of success. According to Ursula Burns, a successful leader should have leadership traits (Bennis and Goldsmith 2013). Firstly, a leader should be authentic in style and management. A leader should be empathetic towards their employees, measure the objectives and outcomes in making decisions and work in the direction of success. She said that listening and trusting the employees is the key to her success and helped her to become an efficient leader. She is straightforward and blunt in her speech and is directed towards the companys priorities and its success. She is authentic and self-aware and her personality seems to reverberate well with her employees and the business world. She is a great example of a non-egocentric, self-believing and serving leader thinking that the company is all about her employees. She has a perfect balance of humility and self-confidence. Ursula Burns believes in ethical conduct. The leadership style of ethical conduct has both positive and negative effects on the company as a whole. She said that ethical values are the backbone of a company that helps people to connect to the core values and in understanding ones responsibilities. If a company manifests low integrity and ethical lapses, then the company would have a corrupted working environment. She adopted a multi-cultural leadership for developing a diverse environment that promotes cross-culture interaction and enhanced the productivity of the company. As the CEO of Xerox Corporation, she believes that multi-cultural leadership strategy would help to cultivate diversity, trust and growth of a company (Madsen and Ngunjiri 2015). The concept of aligning and engaging people towards a common goal would make the employees passionate and successful. She has a unique informal leadership style where her special skills have made her influential in meeting the demands of others. She is a true leader in achieving the support of her employees makes her sort out in the global economy world called interpersonal leadership style (Hughes 2014). She follows a value-based leadership where she communicates well with her employees, organizes groups, and defines roles in creating a well structured working environment. Burns is considered as the right CEO and chairman of Xerox Corporation as her leadership style is appropriate for the company. She confirms stability because of her straight forward attitude. She stays focused and works hard for achieving the goals of the company. She has a great quality of risk taking, problem solving and crisis management. She identifies, analyzes and finds solution to solve the encountered problems. Her leadership approach at Xerox encompasses a good strategy, better communication and generation of followershi p that helped her to lead at Xerox Corporation (Rao 2016). These leadership styles and qualities of Ursula Burns an efficient leader and made Xerox Corporation as one of the leading computer service providers in the software world. Bob McDonald is the retired Chairman, President and CEO of Procter and Gamble Company. He led the company from 2009 to 2013 and under his leadership; PG expanded and developed the market footprint, adding a billion consumers (Lawrence 2013). The company has more than 120,000 employees, 120 plants and about 200 brands in 35 categories. PG is recognized for its leadership style and diversity. The company is named twice as the best company by Chief Executive Magazine and best company for Leadership Study by Hay Groups Best Company. It also received many awards for its diversity and for environmental and social sustainability work. Bob follows value based leadership beliefs that has inspired the lives of countless people (Kucia and Gravett 2014). He is very passionate about helping others and in shaping their lives. His aim is to improve the lives of the people and he worked in improving billion of lives through the PG products. He works to have a positive impact on the people he meets on a daily basis. In the process of fulfilling his desire of helping others, he led the Mc Donald Cadet Leadership Conference that encompassed the bright young minds from universities, business leaders, NGOs and governmental organizations in the creation of an active learning environment. He also received the Leadership Excellence Award from the U.S. Naval Academy and Harvard Business Review and was also honored with Presidents Leadership Award. He mentioned that it is the job of a leader to understand the dreams of the employees and work for enabling its fulfillment. It is the responsibility of a leader to create a team who are aimed to be successful and aspire to be a part of a winning team. Bobs leadership beliefs proved him as the best global business leader. He believes that having a clear vision, perspectives and set of values makes the best leader. He believes in value-based leadership that encompasses culture, education, experiences, family and organizational memberships (Vasudha and Sathyanarayan 2014). He says that it is important that every individual or organization should get in touch with their culture, education, experiences, family heritage and organizational memberships that would help an individual to develop their set of value-based beliefs. Bobs leadership values are unique that proved successful for the PG employees. Bob said that every employee should act as a leader and that would lead to the accomplishment of the companys goals and desired success. Bob also follows multi-cultural leadership style as PG is well known for its diversity. He believes that people from different cultural backgrounds are more innovative in nature rather than the homogenous groups. A better diverse group is able to make diverse connections and draw innovation. An efficient leader of a diverse group helps to create a connective and collaborative working environment. He laid great emphasis on the integrity of the employees and establishment of trust that would help to build an efficient company. He said that when the people are put into right kind of jobs, it forms great leaders. He said character is the most vital trait in a leader (Kucia and Gravett 2014). It is important for a leader to think about the organization first defined as the Level Five Leadership. He believes that ineffective cultures and systems are the biggest barriers in the path of achievement. McDonald is very empathetic towards his employees. He stays in contact with his former employees to show his care for them. It is the responsibility of a leader to help people find their dreams (Tichy 2014). He believes that organization should renew itself in order to ensure growth. The people are the ones who create can bring about change. After his retirement, he said that the true test of a leader is the performance of the organization in his or her absence. It is the companys responsibility to hold the culture, system and strategies even after the departure of the leader. He also said that one should choose the harder right rather than the easier wrong. He pointed that the easy thing is usually considered the wrong thing. The value-based leadership adopted by Bob McDonald made him a successful Chairman and CEO of PG and had set an example for the upcoming leaders. Jeff Bezos is an American technology entrepreneur, and the founder and CEO of Amazon.com are known for his leadership styles and philanthropy. Amazon has become the world's largest online shopping retailer, making the leadership style of Jeff Bezos a topic of debate in the context of global economy. Economists have tried to explore the leadership style exhibited by Jeff and link it to the growth and wellbeing of the company. Valuable conclusions are drawn from such analysis that aims to guide future leaders in making a mark in their respective fields (Stone 2013). According to Biraghi, Gambetti and Quigley (2017), Jeff Bezos is a transactional leader whose is highly tasked oriented. The authors describe Bezos to be a micromanager who has rigorous standards and is infamous for having no interest in other peoples views and opinions. This is termed as transactional leadership. As opined by Antonakis and House (2014) transactional leaders make an influence since the subordinates need to do what the leaders want as their best interest. Transactional leaders are also known to be much effective in accomplishing their operational goals and reach desirable outcomes. The businesses are created in such a manner that they are competent enough to establish itself in the times of global competition. Apart from being a transactional leader, Bezos as the Amazon head can also be called an agent for change who constantly strives to bring innovation in his work and the company (Collinson and Tourish 2015). The authors find that the form of leadership that delivers follower ingenuity and constructs extraordinary results are transformational leadership. Transformational leaders are famous for creating a clear vision of the near future, gaining minds and hearts of the people. Transformational leaders have a commitment towards the mission and vision of the company and drive team effort to cross ordinary potentials. Bezos has undoubtedly graded high in this particular aspect, tagging himself to be a transformational leader. His transformational leadership is witnessed from the growth of the company that is a suitably the result of the ability of Bezos to inspire, innovate and envision in situations when stakeholders have little faith in his creation to bring profitability to the company Amazon (Schneper et al. 2013). Schoemaker and Krupp (2015) highlight the relationship between Bezos leadership style and the growth of Amazon.com. His transformational leadership style has led Amazon to attain the highest peak of growth achieved by it in the last decade. The company has achieved much success from being an online book store to an online retail store challenging other competitors in the same field due to commitment and visionary focus of Bezos. Therefore the hunger for innovation and change exhibited by Bezos can be termed as a significant leadership quality resulting in massive revenues and a strong customer base. De Cremer (2013) contradicts the leadership style of Bezos and argues that his transactional leadership style has not been positive. The transactional leadership qualities have led to a stressful environment to work in for the employees. The employees have often reported having not being well positioned. A school of thoughts also emphasize on the fact that Bezos have unrealistic goals and expansion plans. It is due to attempts made for this unrealistic goal that employees have a dislike towards the leadership style shown. Amazon has high ranking for having an inflexible and stressful working environment. Second highest turnover for employees is also recorded for the company's employee. Workers have cited that persistent issue that Bezos is always opinionated and rebukes them. He has often found to challenge the employees stating that he is the owner of the company. It is therefore argued that transactional leadership style makes the employees unsatisfied regarding the working condition. Kantor and Streitfeld (2015) argue that the huge losses that the company incurs despite the sales growth and revenue are due to t he hunger for more expansion of the company that has an existing gargantuan portfolio. The loss can be said to be the direct impact of the will of Bezos to expand the company by any possible means. Pfeffer (2015) state that Bezos needs to slow down the characteristics of transformational leadership and permit Amazon to have more profits instead of bringing expansion of the company. It would be beneficial for the company if Bezos tones down the transactional leadership qualities for making the working environment friendlier as well as flexible. All the three leaders are efficient in their leadership qualities and styles. They have proved to be successful leaders and have scaled the heights of success. Among the leaders, Ursula Burns serving as the Chairman and CEO of Xerox Corporation has proved to be an eminent leader and a successful business woman. She is the first African-American woman to lead a trading company that is largely featured and have succeeded in featuring among the worlds list of most influential women CEOs (Jeong and Harrison 2016). Her leadership style has proved to be a good role model. She has developed a reputation at Xerox Corporation as a customer-oriented agent and a technologically focused woman. According to the analysts, Ursula managed the company well during the period of crisis and made transitions at Xerox (Khurana 2013). She turned the company in meeting the revenue goals and restructured the business parts to boost sales. She helped Xerox to become the worlds larger color printer maker and in strengthening the business model making it a profitable and competent organization. Similarly, Bob McDonald is a successful leader and his value based leadership made him an eminent businessman in marketing and sales of PG products. After he joined as the CEO of PG in 2009, arguments arose regarding his job position and capability. His leadership helped the company by buying Gillette posing a major presence of PG in the men market. He expanded PG in emerging markets and this was the first push by McDonald as a CEO (Lafley and Martin 2013). However, PG was unable to make success due to high price of the commodities for the middle-class customers. Bob had little resources and time while introducing the products in the emerging markets. Due to high cutting prices of the PG products, Bob and the company suffered problems in the global market. Analysts said that in order to launch every product in the emerging market, the company ran out of ammo (Reimer 2015). The annual employee survey showed flat numbers in business leaders, negative feedback from the HR and after constant buzzing, Mc Donald decided to retire from his position. Jeff Bezos is the founder and CEO of Amazon.com. He is known for his leadership styles and philanthropy. His leadership style is a topic of debate in the global economy. He is a highly task oriented person and is infamous for not respecting others opinions. He is a micromanager with rigorous standards. This transactional leadership style makes a person competent in achieving desires in the global economy (D'Andrea 2014). He is also a transformational leader who has clear vision and mind. This leadership made him scale heights for Amazon. However, the transactional leadership qualities have created a stressful working environment. He has unrealistic goals that made him unpopular and dislike his leadership style. He is opinionated and the continuous hunger for revenue expansion has made the company to face huge losses. From the above-detailed analysis of the leadership styles, among the three leaders, Ursula Burns has the most effective leadership style in the in the contemporary globalized economy. Her leadership lessons of power of communication, culture, vision, people, customer and leadership has made her successful woman CEO. Her authentic management style, empathetic attitude, determined and self-confidence has led her to succeed in the globalized economy market (Merriman 2017). She is a tough competitor for the rivals, adaptive, technologically sound in solving issues, transparent, conceptualized and most importantly far-sighted. He makes people comfortable with science, innovation and technology so that people provide a consistent and collaborative environment. Her idea of innovation made her success in the global marketplace (DeFillippi, Dumas and Bhatia 2014). She followed Normative Model with Path-Goal theory in which team performance and effort are enhanced through autonomy and collabor ation (Scholz 2013). She is a strong, outspoken leader with the blunt speech focused on customer satisfaction and technology oriented. These leadership styles have made Ursula Burns a successful leader and hold a prestigious position in the global economy. From the above analysis on leadership styles of three leaders, it can be concluded that leadership makes a huge impact on the functioning of organizations and how the employees make a contribution towards the growth and expansion of the organizations. The leadership styles of Bob McDonald as well as Ursula Burns have been appraised greatly for their effectiveness in their respective fields. However, the leadership style of Jeff Bezos has been criticized for making a negative impact on his workforce. The analysis of the leadership styles brings about the inference that value-based leadership is the best-suited leadership style for organizations whereas transactional leadership style is not desirable. Leaders must have a thorough knowledge of pros and cons of the different leadership styles in order to establish their organizations as frontrunners in the context of the globalized economy. Suitable leadership would pave the path to success and make the organizations emerge as winners. References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Bennis, W. and Goldsmith, J., 2013.Learning to lead: A workbook on becoming a leader. Basic Books. Biraghi, S., Gambetti, R.C. and Quigley, S., 2017. Leadership and Communication. InLeadership Today(pp. 229-247). Springer International Publishing. Collinson, D. and Tourish, D., 2015. Teaching leadership critically: New directions for leadership pedagogy.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(4), pp.576-594. D'Andrea, R., 2014. Guest editorial can drones deliver?.IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,11(3), pp.647-648. De Cremer, D., 2013. Half Life.Business Strategy Review,24(3), pp.62-67. DeFillippi, R., Dumas, C. and Bhatia, S., 2014. Genesis and Evolution of the Xerox-PG Co-innovation Partnership: Lessons Learned. InOpen Innovation through Strategic Alliances(pp. 121-144). Palgrave Macmillan US. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Hughes, C., 2014. The Rise to Leadership in Fortune and Non-Fortune 500 Organizations. InAmerican Black Women and Interpersonal Leadership Styles(pp. 31-54). SensePublishers. Hughes, C., 2015.American black women and interpersonal leadership styles(Vol. 103). Springer. Jeong, S.H. and Harrison, D., 2016. Glass Breaking, Strategy Making, and Value Creating: Meta-Analytic Outcomes of Females as CEOs and TMT members.Academy of Management Journal, pp.amj-2014. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.The New York Times,15. Khurana, R., 2013. The New CEOs: Women, African American, Latino, and Asian American Leaders of Fortune 500 Companies.Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews,42(6), pp.881-883. Kucia, J.F. and Gravett, L.S., 2014. Its Time for a Different Leadership Paradigm. InLeadership in Balance(pp. 23-44). Palgrave Macmillan US. Kucia, J.F. and Gravett, L.S., 2014. The Power of Leadership in Balance: The Connection to an Organizations Survival. InLeadership in Balance(pp. 63-71). Palgrave Macmillan US. Lafley, A.G. and Martin, R.L., 2013. Playing to win.Foreign Affairs,73. Lawrence, K., 2013. Developing leaders in a VUCA environment.UNC Exec Dev, pp.1-15. Madsen, S.R. and NGUNJIRI, F.W., 2015. Women as Global Leaders.European Business Review. Merriman, K.K., 2017. Leadership and Perseverance. InLeadership Today(pp. 335-350). Springer International Publishing. Ndubuizu, R. and Britton, D.M., 2016. Ursula Burns.Junctures in Women's Leadership: Business, p.92. Pfeffer, J., 2015. Leadership BS. Rao, M.S., 2016. Success GuideAn Inspirational Guide to Excel as a Leader and CEO.The Journal of Values-Based Leadership,9(2), p.16. Reimer, D., 2015. Succession: Mastering the Make-or-Break Process of Leadership Transition.People Strategy,38(2), pp.54-56. Schneper, W.D., Wernick, D.A. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2013. 4. Stakeholder voice, corporate dysfunction and change: an organizational learning perspective.Voice and Whistleblowing in Organizations: Overcoming Fear, Fostering Courage and Unleashing Candour, p.113. Schoemaker, P.J. and Krupp, S., 2015. Overcoming barriers to integrating strategy and leadership.Strategy Leadership,43(2), pp.23-32. Scholz, C., 2013.Personalmanagement. Verlag Franz Vahlen GmbH. Stone, B., 2013.The everything store: Jeff Bezos and the age of Amazon. Random House. Tichy, N.M., 2014.Succession: Mastering the Make Or Break Process of Leadership Transition. Penguin. Vasudha, R. and Sathyanarayan, K., 2014. A study on the impact of emotional intelligence, leadership and innovation in creating a sustainable organization.International Journal in Management Social Science,2(7), pp.37-47.

Rap music free essay sample

People that do not listen to rap music should realize that rap music carries out positive meanings for society to recognize. People can take rap as too loud or annoying, or people think, Why do these rap artists have to cuss so much? Yes, rap music will talk about sex, drugs, and degrading women. I believe that true rap music serves Its purpose by sharing life stories and confronting harsh realities. There Is a rap song called Mockingbird by Mine, and It Is about Mine telling his daughter that he will always be there for her even though he Is thousands of miles way.Critics of Mockingbird said the lyrics of the songs were a heart-warming sensation and addresses to a lot of people who are without a member of their family. With Mine and his success, he Is not Just famous for the style he presents, but the messages he carries out and the realties there are In life. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Along with the widespread drug use Many artists simply left these tough Issues alone, but Tuba gravitated toward the controversy. (Seth Campbell, Opinion) Rap music Is straightforward, and people should not take that for granted.If there were only more rappers like Mine and Tuba, and all the new rappers coming into Hollywood would aim as high as those rappers did The world would be a little bit better of a place. If people focus on the rappers who do nothing but cuss and degrade women, then those are the people that look for nothing but the worst in society. Rap music symbolizes that out of every unfortunate income of life, there is always a message; perhaps a legacy, like Tuba, to be born and presented to a number of generations and generations to come. Rap Music free essay sample Music If the average person Is asked to picture an Image of a rapper, images of a man with his body covered In tattoos, wearing gold chains with smoke pouring out of his mouth and swearing to every second word he says would be some of the first things to come to his or her head. If the person Is asked again to describe how they picture a rap music video to be like, her or she would probably describe the video centered on a rapper with the features previously mentioned, surrounded by women with alcohol involved being derogatory and vulgar.If the person was told that part of the reason the usage of crack cocaine has declined in the united States is because of rappers who have rapped about using it and how it has ruined their career, life and families (Positive Influences of Rap. ), he or she would have a hard time believing it because it goes against the things he or she is used to seeing in the media about rap music effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rap music Is an American minority artist creation that originated in the Bronx, New York In the ass (Rhodes, Henry). Rappers first began to rap at local house parties along funky party music that people danced to. At this time of the musics evolution, rapping would go on for about fourteen minuets and often times It would be turned into rap battles. Forwarding couple of years, rap music began gained popularity In the media and in the ass it became a distinct musical genre (Wood, Joann). The more fame the music got, the more of a controversy it became in the united States. The explicit lyrics, usage of drugs, alcohol, and the violent behaviors that some rappers began to mention in their music became a big target for the media to depict as it was seen as a negative influence to the youth.Nowadays, rap music and the artists behind it is solely depicted and represented in a biased way by the media that the publics main perception of the music is that its a nuisance and poisonous to the youths mind. Rap music does In fact Influence the youth negatively. There are many researchers who have analyzed the effects of rap music on the youth and concluded many different Impacts It had on the youths life. In Gina Wolfhounds study of rap music influences, she analyzed the behavioral changes rap music videos had on 522 female adolescents of the ages of 14-18.The participants were randomly selected from a rope of volunteers and were contacted for monthly checkups over the course of 12 months. In the study, Winging recorded changes the adolescents had been experiencing in their life like being in fights, been arrested, used alcohol [and] or drugs. After, 12 months she concluded: 37. 6% acquired a new sexually transmitted disease hit a teacher reported being arrested 12. 1% 14. 8% had sexual Intercourse with someone other than their steady partner 44. 2% reported using drugs 44. % consumed alcohol Many of the participants were In fact under the Influences of the rap music videos they had been watching. However though, according to Cheryl Keyes, studies the ages of 14-18 the youth are likely to try drugs, start drinking, or engage in sexual activities so its hard to say that rap music is to blame for those behaviors. Anyway;says though, in neither of the categories that the adolescents behaviors were analyzed, were 100% of the adolescents acting on the influences that rap music video are supposedly promoting.In a similar study that consisted of one hundred African American males of the ages of 13-25 concluded that the participants were against the idea of Moline against women that is often displayed in rap music video (Harvey, Bonito). Both studies show that rap music isnt only a negative influence on the youth which shows the medias representation of rap music inaccurate. In most cases involving teen violence or shootings, the me dia associates it with being in relations and an influence of rap music. It is associated with behaviors teens are mimicking from rappers they idealize.But, as stated on Does Todays Music Our Youth can Molten lyrics [alone] cause young people to behave violently? If that were to be true than every teen who has listened to rap music would be in possession of guns and committing crime with it. According to Sullivan, rap music is seen by many adolescent as life affirming and many studies has shown that rap music has empowering qualities that.. . Can increase critical consciousness and increase resistance to oppressive conditions (CTD in Music. ). The form of rap music that centers its lyrics on alcohol, gang violence, drugs and etc. S only a small category of rap music: gangs rap (Rhodes, Henry). This small category of rap music is the focus the media chooses to stereotype the music a negative influence when there are many positive effects of rap music like educating the youth. In 2011, after the rapper Common was invited by Michelle Obama to recital poetry at the White Houses celebration of American Poetry, a big uproar stirred up as people were accusing Common of being a thug and a Mel rapper that didnt deserve the place (Denton, Rudolf). Commons lyrics are all about bringing positive messages and yet he is faced with all these negative accusations.According to Carrie Fried, the conflicted reactions are Justified by the fact that the label of rap is likely to affect how people interpret of a given set of lyrics (CTD. In Denton, Rudolf). Fried as able come to this conclusion by observing three groups of peoples reaction to one particular song. A folk song, Bad Mans Blunder that was about a man who kills a cop. Each group was told the song was of different genre: folk, country, and rap. The groups that believed the song was of folk and country genre had moderate reaction to the song. However, the group that was under the impression the song was rap claimed the lyrics were more threatening when the song wasnt even rap. Society has gotten used to seeing biased depiction of rap music through the media that their primary assumption of the music is that its threatening. Rap music is poetry. It gives a person the freedom and space to express their real emotions or feelings. The artists of today are simply warning people of how violent the streets are [and are] simply stating life as they live it (Does Todays Our Youth. ).Even though the media solely focuses on the Molten obscene lyrics and themes, rap music is used as an educational tool by drawing attention to problems of poverty, racism, and economic oppression (Positive Influences of Rap. ). Rap music is used like a tool to give voice to the public. Rappers use rap to speak to the public affairs, war, immigration etc. They use rap music to paint an image of what is revolving around them and how they see it. Even though in most occasions they present their stories with a lot of negative and graphic scenes, its Just a reflection of problems facing the community.Many other artists in other genre of music make music expressing their view of problems the world are facing, but are not criticized about it. In the song Thug Mansion, OPAC says: Picture me inside the misery of poverty No man alive even witnessed struggles I survived politicians ban us locked in chains, please explain here a way for me to change? Did to maintain? .. . Seen the Theyd rather see us why they cant stand us, is Or am I Just a victim of things I This song is used by OPAC to raise the publics awareness about issues concerning poverty and discrimination that was still a big issue around his time.He made many other rap songs with a positive message like the song Keep Yea Head Up that addresses issues concerning lack of respect toward the female gender, especially poor black women. Its a rap song that builds women up and has a very positive message. However, despite the positive messages he conveys through his ones, he was still considered one of the most violent and offensive rap artists in the industry (Positive Influences of Rap. ). Other rappers like Common use rap music to inspire creativity as he doing in the song Come Close where he uses drawings to convey his poetic verses to a deaf girl. In the song Resurrection the rapper Lope Fiasco raps about the tragic earthquake in Haiti in 2010 and encourages the people to not lose hope. The song also raised money that was donated to Haiti. Other rap music encourages the youth to think of the future and to follow their dreams like for example the song l Know I Can by Nas. The song stresses the importance of staying in school and getting a good Job. The media shouldnt down talk rap because in many cases its Just another way to let out stress and feelings.Some rappers also, write their music with a message to help people rise up and find a new path of life as Mine does in the song Rock Bottom. In the song he expresses his feelings of when he was going through the experience of that people refer to rock bottom and how he was able to build up after that which many people can relate to. Aside from the rap musics with meaningful messages, there is a big number f rappers who are labeled as menaces of society that invest much of their times in their communities.Many of these rappers grew up in small hoods and know the struggles one can go through in the hood life and so they give back to the fortune for intense T. L. He started a charity organization, K. I. N. G foundation, which raises money for various causes like providing toys to the less fortuned kids (Positive Acts of Rappers and Hip Hop. ). The rapper Newly runs the kidskin Foundation, a non- profit foundation that is dedicated to his sister Jackie Donahue, who died in 2005 from leukemia. As he states, the foundation aims to feed as many hungry kinds in this country as possible (CTD. Olson, Bruce).His Jess Us 4 Jackie fundraising campaign aims to educate African-Americans and other minorities (Olson, Bruce). Achieved their success and they inspire the youth to strive for the same success instead of being a negative influence as the media has it. There are many positives that can and have come from rap music but, this side of rap music is foreign to the public because of hoe the music is represented by the media. The number of rappers who care about helping those less fortune and are about making a difference is a long list that to most Americans who dont care to look at the positive things rappers do is surprising.The media shouldnt solely look at the negative aspects of raps music because how are people supposed think otherwise when all the media does is degrade rappers and their music as if they are the scum of the Earth? Rap music should also be embraced by the media for its positive aspects. Rappers should not be Judged as people by the lyrics they sing in songs or what they do for their Job, because the luxurious lifestyle with money and ears is a part of rap music, it isnt the lifestyle that rappers life in their everyday life. To many rappers the music is part of their life.

Catch Me if You Can by Frank W.

Catch Me if You Can by Frank W. Catch Me if You Can by Frank W. Abagnale is the true story of Frank Abagnale himself, as a real fake. Throughout the book, Abagnale uses several different rhetorical devices, such as foreshadowing, irony, point of view, and importance of title; and raises certain social issues.The title Catch Me if You Can is very important because it is a perfect example of foreshadowing. Frank's first taste of the criminal life occurs at age sixteen. He cons his father out of $3,400. After which, Frank runs away to New York and the con-artistry begins. By impersonating people, Frank gets a thrill and acquires a lot of money. Therefore, Abagnale spends most of his life running from the authorities.The author writes the book in his own point of view, which makes sense because the story is about his own life. By writing of personal experiences, the reader is persuaded to take the book more literally.Frank BoonBecause the book is written about Abagnle himself, the reader gets to know his personal thoug hts and reasoning for his crimes. When Frank cons his father and is caught, his reasoning is evident when he says: "It's the girls, Dad....They do funny things to me. I can't explain it" (17). The reader also gets a better feel of the way Abagnale thinks, and his ability to manipulate others for information. Acting as Bobby Black a high school reporter, Frank interviews a Pan Am pilot and gets all the information he needs: "I was finding a lot of nuggets for my poke" (35). He also gathers information from the women he dates in his present field of work. While the women believe Frank is interested in getting to know them, his real motive is to become as educated as possible.Abagnale uses irony in the book...

Cmo llenar bien la planilla DS-261 para green card

Cmo llenar bien la planilla DS-261 para green card En la tramitacià ³n de las tarjetas de residencia que se hacen a travà ©s del Centro Nacional de visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), la planilla DS-261 sirve para designar agente con el que la administracià ³n se va a comunicar. En este mismo formulario DS-261 tambià ©n se designa la direccià ³n de dicho agente, es decir, al lugar donde el NVC enviar las comunicaciones.   En este artà ­culo se explica cundo procede este formulario y en que casos no es necesario. Asimismo, quà © personas pueden ser nombradas como agentes. Tambià ©n se dan importantes consejos sobre como llenarlo y en quà © momento se debe enviar y adà ³nde. Cundo se debe completar el DS-261 Primero hay que esperar a recibir notificacià ³n de que la solicitud de peticià ³n de green card ha sido aprobada, lo cual ya se comunicà ³ mediante el documento conocido como NOA2. Adems, es necesario esperar a que llegue la fecha de prioridad en todos los casos de peticiones de green card dentro de categorà ­as sujetos a mximos por aà ±o fiscal. En estos casos lo aconsejable es consultar todos los meses el Boletà ­n de Visas que publica el Departamento de Estado. Quià ©n puede ser designado como agente La ley permite varias opciones, como por ejemplo, el beneficiario para el que se solicita la tarjeta de residencia, el solicitante, un abogado o incluso un familiar o amigo de confianza. Cundo no es necesario designar a un agente   En 3 casos no es necesario: En primer lugar, en los casos de tarjeta de residencia por adopcià ³n. En segundo lugar, en los casos de peticià ³n para uno mismo. Destacar que esos casos son la excepcià ³n, ya   que en la mayorà ­a de los casos las peticiones las realiza un solicitante que puede ser una empresa o un familiar y a favor de un beneficiario.   Y en tercer lugar, cuando se tiene un abogado que ya envià ³ al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) el formulario G-28, en el que aparece como agente. Cà ³mo llenar la planilla DS-261  (en inglà ©s Choice of Address and Agent) Se llena electrà ³nicamente, para ello  ir a la pgina de internet del Departamento de Estado. Estos son los pasos a seguir: En la là ­nea justo encima de donde pone (Last Name) escribir el apellido (o apellidos)Donde pone (First Name) corresponde el nombre de pilaDonde pone (MI) escribir la inicial del segundo nombre, si se tiene.Por ejemplo, una persona que se llama  Carolina Elvira Vzquez Fernndez tendrà ­a que escribir Vzquez Fernndez   Carolina   E. A continuacià ³n hay cuatro opciones y se  pide que marcar  con una x el cuadradito lo que corresponda al caso. Asà ­: En primer lugar, si se quiere que un abogado o un agente reciba todas las comunicaciones relativas a tu caso, marca la primera opcià ³n, que comienza con las palabras I Appoint. Si esta es la  opcià ³n debe escribirse su nombre completo (name of the person), su nà ºmero de telà ©fono (telephone number), su direccià ³n (street address), su direccià ³n de correo electrà ³nico (email address), su ciudad (city), estado o provincia (state/province), el cà ³digo postal (postal code) y el paà ­s (country). Este abogado o agente puede estar en Estados Unidos o en el extranjero. En segundo lugar, si se quiere  que otra persona que no es el abogado reciba las comunicaciones sobre el caso, entonces marcar con una x la segunda opcià ³n, que es la que empieza con las palabras I do not appoint. En este caso se puede elegir la direccià ³n del solicitante, beneficiario, amigo o familiar. La que resulte ms conveniente sobre todo pensando en cul tiene un servicio de correos ms confiable y quià ©n no piensa mudarse en los siguientes meses.   Donde pone street address hay la opcià ³n de incluir in care of. Esto es porque toda la correspondencia se va a enviar a  nombre del beneficiaroi, pero si en el buzà ³n est el nombre de otra persona, debe incluirse la expresià ³n de In care of y el nombre de esa persona.   En tercer lugar, si ya se ha  recibido tu tarjeta de residencia, por la razà ³n que sea, entonces marcar la tercera opcià ³n, que comienza con I have already legally immigrated to the U.S. Si ese es el caso, incluir el nà ºmero de Alien Registration Number. Por à ºtimo, si ya no se desea emigrar a Estados Unidos, marcar la opcià ³n cuarta, la que dice: I no longer wish to apply for an immigrant visa. Finalmente, firma y fecha el documento, poniendo el mes, dà ­a y aà ±o, en ese orden. Si no se envà ­a el formulario DS-261 en el plazo de 1 aà ±o, el NVC entiende que se ha abandonado la peticià ³n. Consejos a tener en cuenta al completar el formulario En primer lugar, destacar que imprescindible completar el formulario en el idioma inglà ©s. Adems, no se pueden utilizar signos o letras que no existen en esa lengua, por ejemplo, la  ¨Ãƒ ±Ã‚ ¨. Tambià ©n es importante decir que es importante guardar cada poco el formulario segà ºn se va completando, para ello hacer click en la opcià ³n de Save. Si durante ms de 20 minutos no se est activo en la pgina, el sistema se desconecta automticamente, perdià ©ndose todo lo que no haya sido expresamente guardado. Por à ºltimo, mencionar que mentir en un documento migratorio se considera un fraude de ley. Y, si es descubierto, tiene importantes consecuencias para este trmite y cualquier otro.  ¿Dà ³nde se tiene que enviar el formulario DS-261? Darle a submit. Es posible  comunicarse con el Centro Nacional de Visas, si fuera necesario. La à ºnica excepcià ³n son los casos de tarjetas de residencia que se han obtenido al ganar el sorteo de la loterà ­a de visas de la diversidad. En estos casos, comunicarse con el KCC.  ¿Quà © pasa a continuacià ³n? Una vez que el NVC recibe la planilla DS-261, enviar a la direccià ³n que se le dijo en esa planilla una factura para procesar la visa de inmigrante para el esposo que vive fuera de Estados Unidos.   Una vez que se recibe el pago, se recibirn ms instrucciones sobre los documentos a enviar y planillas a llenar y que hay que enviar al NVC como, por ejemplo, la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento econà ³mico, tambià ©n conocido en inglà ©s como affidavit of support. Finalmente se desarrollar una entrevista en un consulado o embajada de los Estados Unidos. Ahà ­ se decidir si se aprueba la visa de inmigrante, que puede negarse por mà ºltiples causas. Si se aprueba, se puede ingresar a Estados Unidos en los siguientes seis meses. El paso por el control migratorio convertir la visa de inmigrante en una tarjeta de residencia, es decir, la green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Comparing Mortgage Rates Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing Mortgage Rates - Research Paper Example Mortgage quotes that are published such as these are usually rates and terms available under the best of circumstance while your rate will vary according to: credit, down payment, house location and size, and your ability to prove income and assets Verbal rates are not a guarantee and you must get a written quote if you want to be assured the rate is ‘locked’ in and you should always get a letter of confirmation of your rate, rates that go up between the start of your mortgage process and the closing date can cost you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan Do not assume that because you are offered at good rate on one type of loan that you will get the same rate on a different type of mortgage Many people do not consider closing costs and fees when shopping for a mortgage Based on the effective annual rate the Lending tree offers the best rate for a fifteen year fixed interest rate loan. This amount is the percentage paid per year on the mortgage over the lifeti me of the loan. AmeriSave offers the lowest effective annual rate on a thirty year mortgage. Paying some of the interest in advance can reduce the accrual over the course of the year. Any fees or penalties that you accrue during the loan are added to the principle and will increase the EAR. These effective annual rates make sense as being the lowest because they are also in line with the lowest rates. Different lenders are able to offer different rates somewhat based on what type of lender they are, a mortgage lender or mortgage broker, each charging a different commission rate on the loan. Mortgage broker do not actually lend money and are used to help an individual find a direct loan, charging the consumer a fee for this service. While this is advantageous in that they will shop many lenders for you in an attempt to gain the best rate you will pay the associated fees, which are usually between 0.5-1 % of the loan value. The difference in rate will have a material impact on the con sumer because the value of the property will either decrease or increase with the market over the course of the loan. Investors may choose 30 year investment mortgages over other options because the value of the dollar while continue to decrease while the investment property and amount of payment remains the same. This is due to inflation of the economy and other market factors. References Today's Rate Results. (2012). Bank of America. Retrieved 2012, from https://www9.bankofamerica.com/home-loans/mortgage-purchase/TodaysRateResults.go?referrer=/home-loans/mortgage-purchase/rates Mortgage - Home Loans - Refinance - Mortgage Refinancing - Mortgage Rates - Home Equity. (2012). Retrieved 2012, from http://www.lendingtree.com/ Mortgage, Refinancing, Home Loan, Mortgage Rates - GMAC Mortgage. (2012). Retrieved 2012, from http://www.gmacmortgage.com/ Chase Mortgages - Home Lending | New or Refinance Mortgage Loans Online. (2012). CHASE Home: Personal Banking | Personal Lending | Retiremen t & Investing | Business Banking. Retrieved 2012,

Letter of Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Letter of Advice - Essay Example In verbal communication the person uses the help of his voice to send over messages to the other person whereas non verbal communication is a form in which voice is not used. Non verbal communication includes memos, emails, and other social software as well as eye movement, postures, facial expression, gestures and so on. To develop a perfect sort of communication it is necessary that some elements are kept into view. This brief would further take all these elements into view and provide with the related needs of communication at work and in personal interactions (Taylor 2001). To develop an effective interpersonal communication network it is necessary for the individuals to keep several factors in mind while communicating. In personal relationships, the communication network needs not be formal like letters or memos, yet needs to be perfect in transmitting the messages and views. For instance, if one partner wants to go out, he/she needs to communicate this desire rather than relying on the idea that the other partner will himself/herself identify and fulfill it. To achieve this it is necessary for the person who is communicating to reach clarity. By clarity here it is meant that the person who is communicating should be very clear in stating his thesis of the message. The words chosen by the communicator should be very precise which are clear enough for the other individual’s intellect. Thus it is necessary that the communicator does not drag his message up to critical levels where the other listener gets confused by the message. This confusion ca n therefore lead to several other problems in the relationships (Kelly 1979 & Taylor 2001). Dear Sara and Tim, my advice to you for a successful relationship is to maintain a level of understanding and frankness which allows you to speak out ‘clearly’ your innermost feelings and communicate your expectation without hesitation. The expectations from the other partner to understand the unspoken

Consumer Preference of Brighton & Hove Teenagers on Organic Food Essay Example for Free

Consumer Preference of Brighton Hove Teenagers on Organic Food Essay There have been many studies investigating the influences on consumer purchasing and consumption of organic foods. It has a Journal of the Human Environment that argues that parts of researches have frequently taken the form of asking consumers directly about their reasons for purchase or nonpurchase of organic foods rather than seeking which types of beliefs and attitudes are actually related to purchase or consumption. (Shepherd, Magnusson, Sjoden, 2005) In recent year, other researchers have examined what beliefs and attitudes predict consumption. (Shepherd, Government office for Science, 2011) In several studies, a majority of the customers have a preference for and an interest in organic food. However, â€Å"the proportion of regular purchasers of organic food is low†. (Shepherd, Magnusson, Sjoden, 2005) So, this phenomenon showed a discrepancy between consumers’ attitudes and behavior, which is most of Consumers’ attitude are positively for organic foods, but not often to buy them. It seems the consumers not have a concerned the organic foods become an important purchase criterion. Since the 1920’s, the organic food has first appeared in Europe. (Baourakis, 2004) Until now, even the organic foods not take big market share, but in recent years, according to the British Food Standards Agency said ‘identifies the role that organic food plays in providing choice for customer. ’ (Food Standards Agency, 2011) Lampkin Padel (1994, cited in Baourakis, 2004) researched that consumer demand for organic food increased rapidly, thus, the number of famers increased reasonably, this phenomenon is not only in Europe, but also is in the United States. Problem Statement The problem to be explored is the purchase behavior of teenagers toward organic food in Brighton Hove. As mentioned before, the sales of organic food are increasing in UK. Nevertheless, Non-organic food still dominates in the food market. In addition, while there has some consumers who are already familiar and know with the organic food. It still has many consumers who are not yet know about them. Because of organic food produced without using any artificial chemicals, pesticides or fertilizers, which is better and fresher taste than other nonorganic foods. (Georgiou, 2002) There are different reasons why consumers tend to prefer to buy organic food. To discover the teenagers of Brighton Hove behavior on organic food, these are some of the variables that will be taken into account when do the research, which can separate to extrinsic factors and internal factors. External factors are environment influence, like education level influence, cultural influence, and family influence. Internal factors are product attributes, which are benefits of organic food, like environmentally friendliness, good for animal welfare, taste good and personal health. These may influence consumer buying decision. Research aims and objectives This research aims to explore teenagers’ behavior of Brighton Hove on organic food consumption in their daily life. This research will provide richer and deeper understanding of teenagers’ preference on organic foods and work to specific ages, thus the levels of education and collect the information about why they care about organic food. These research questions to be answered are: †¢Do the teenagers like to buy organic food in Brighton Hove? †¢Do the teenagers choose organic food influenced by environment (i.e. education level, cultural influence or family influence) in Brighton Hove? †¢What causes the teenagers care about organic food (i. e. the environment concern, animal welfare, personal health, taste) in Brighton Hove? In this particular case, it becomes more interesting to be more the teenager maybe will be influence by place cultural. Because Brighton Hove are famous resort which near the sea. Brighton and Hove is the UKs healthiest city that reason is its residents lifestyles, such as cycling to work, do yoga practice, and eating green food according to a study for Sky Travel. (University of sussex, 2010) The intention explore is the future development of organic food in Brighton Hove by asking questions and interview. This paper will propose use deductive way for research on specific consumer behavior on organic foods in Brighton Hove. Anticipated contributions Organic food is green food, these benefits lead to the market share of food were influenced, so, this academic research discuss about purchase behavior of teenagers on organic food consumption in Brighton Hove. Because teenager is our future, from their behavior, we can see the organic food development of Brighton Hove in next 50 years. Until now, it has some research about customer behavior on organic food, however, since there is lack of data for specific group people, like teenager. In this case, Kardes, Cronley, Cline argued that one of the contributions for study consumer behavior is that educate consumers and help them to make a better decision, also can understand make products for consumers actually needed and wanted. This becomes a marketing strategy, this research proposal discovers and satisfies customer needs and wants effectively and beneficial manner, while profiting the long-term interests for business. (Kardes, Cronley, Cline, 2011) Also this research proposal will investigate customer behavior information by primary research and secondary information, analysis the consumer’s performance, which showed the market tendency and understand the rival. It can help companies can get the market share of organic food in the future. Brief Review of Literature Wright Crea (2007) pointed that the UK organic food market rise approximately 10% annually with a value of 2 billion dollars, already become third largest in the world. According government statistics, the multiple supermarket retailers accounted for the major marketing share to the consumer with approximately 73 % of sales. The independent retailers and parts of farmers accounted for consumer 27 % of sales. The box schemes and internet order made up 8 percent. (dardni, 2010) Base on data, organic food is preferred by all age groups because of its health friendly benefits. These contained old people, adults and children. According to statistics, 70 % of the costumers are women, while 30 % are men. 57. 3 % of organic food consumers have job, while 23. 2 % do not have job. (Damin, 2011) Food standards Agency demonstrates that to eat â€Å"organic food is a way to decrease consumption of pesticide residues and additives. † (Food Standards Agency, 2011) Organic procurement reflects consumers are not only care about economic, but also concern with food production link to personal, social and environmental effect. (The Open University, 2006) Lockie argues that no artificial chemicals is one of the key point cause the sale growth of organic product around the world, which reflects people are more interested in personal health and family health, also care about the animal welfare, tradition, environmental protection, food traceability and sustainability. (Lockie, 2006) Food Standards Agency, â€Å"if they think theyre buying food with extra nutritional quality or extra safety. † (Food Standards Agency, 2011)) Stringer and Dennis argued that in UK recent research showed 21 percent of housewives ranked taste over other facts in what they ate in 1998s, while 14 percent of housewives because of health concern for their family and themselves in 1998s. (Stringer Dennis, 2000) According to ACNielsen research, the consumption of organic baby food jumped about 16 percent over the year before in 2005, it nearly double increasing of total organic food consumption. (Working Mother, 2006) In 2008, the Ferrell and Pride searched the mother behavior and investigate the age range from 25 to 40, are more prefer to buy organic food or clothing for their children no matter what their income. (Pride Ferrell, 2008) Mamatha Sarada revealed that child rights attitudes and participation in activities were influenced by their mother. (Mamatha Sarada, 2009) Brozina argued that culture can influence the consumers’ motives for organic food consumption. (Brozina, 2009) Samli argued that consumer behavior was influenced by social class, which related to not only economic well-being, but also other factors, such as education, family background and occupation. Secondly, it influenced by hierarchy of needs, which is more likely to be observed as different degrees of economic development, culture, and social psychology. Thirdly, it influenced by interpersonal influences from group member, like social consumption phenomenon and consumer want to buy luxury make a good impression on others. Fourthly, it depends on affective influences, like emotion. At last, cognitive will be influence the consumers choice, which is how much they know about that product. (Samli, 1995) While consumer express positive perspective on organic food, but it is not likely to expand beyond this niche market in the future, the major reason is premium prices, unless low-input can be made recognisable to consumers. . (Oppapers, 2011) Handlechner argued that organic producers are still only occupying a niche market now. Nevertheless, organic food may be having a larger potential in the future. (Handlechner, 2008) Hypotheses Hypothesis1. I expect that the teenagers in Brighton Hove may be having positive perspective on organic food due to Brighton Hove is a healthiest city. Hypothesis 2: I expect that the teenagers in Brighton Hove might concern about environment issue, animal welfare, and personal health, so they choose the organic food. Hypothesis 3: It is also my prediction that teenagers in Brighton Hove may not interested in organic food due to they do not possess economic income. Hypothesis 4: Maybe they like to buy the organic foods, but for teenager are too expensive that they do not possess enough money to pay for them. Methodology This research adopted the deductive way because the aim proved by separate several research questions that mentioned earlier before. This research design is exploratory due to this research proposal intends to explore the teenagers’ behaviour on organic food through survey in Brighton Hove. This study will consider descriptive because this proposal focus on survey the characteristic of certain group, teenagers. Accordingly, some writers in a journal demonstrated that descriptive study is the researchers are interested to survey a group such as education level, income, age or gender in some situations. (Kumar, Deb, Sinha, Sinha, 2001) The research is also adopt cross sectional because of this study will study in a particular phenomenon and particular time. It has time limited. (Scribd, 2011) Research method Primary research This research can either be qualitative or quantitative. Nevertheless, quantitative research may cover a larger number of populations, which will give generalized statistics results by questionnaire. This qualitative research intends to collect an in-depth understanding of teenagers’ behaviour and the reasons why they have that behaviour. This qualitative research is a non-numerical data collection by interview. Moreover, the qualitative and quantities research method inquires the how and why of decision making by teenagers, not only where, when, what. So, this easy chooses these methods on this particular case studied in order to seek empirical support for this research hypothesis. This research proposal will base on quantitative research due to it will give statistical evidence of data, which can be summarize teenagers behaviour specifically. Questionnaire is my first choice. Concerning the print cost, the questionnaires will be surveyed through email in the internet. The questionnaires will include an introduction that gives clearly explanation of purpose of this study. Furthermore, the questionnaires also will include clearly instructions that give a well-guided to the teenagers. Moreover, it will give clearly question which is easy to teenagers. More specifically, writing the letter to school headmaster get the permission in Brighton Hove. This questionnaire will be taken in the Junior high school and high school in 11th July 2011. This study will be randomly survey 1000 students in junior high school, 500 boys and 500 girls respectively. Other parts are 1000 students in high school, 500 boys and 500 girls. This will be more easily and faster when make analysis the data based on different education level and gender. Also, it will adopt anonymity, in order to keep the private information for teenager. This research proposal also will accord to qualitative research due to it will be get more detail with deeper conversational interview. It will not have predetermined questions are asked, because it can remain more open and adaptable get useful information due to nature and priorities of interview. It can directly get the exactly information for this research. More specifically, the interview will be taking at the school supermarket in Brighton Hove in 19th July 2011. More closely interview the staffs in supermarket in order to understand teenagers’ behaviour by real consumption. Moreover, the interview will be doing at teenagers’ home in 30th July 2011 and in order to have chance to understand their behaviour by face to face talking. It wills choice 10 families in high school, 10 families in junior high school. It could be though this interview can prove whether the teenager preference on organic foods influenced by their family background and mother. Secondary research â€Å"The value of using the secondary data for market research has been substantial throughout history, continues today, and promises to grow in the future. † (Patzer, 1995) Secondary research contains the collation, brief and synthesis of existing research that data is already done by government, company, organization or personal. When this research proposal chooses the secondary data source, it would be have a critical thinking and concern the academic source. Government research data is the good choice for this research. Moreover, Base on the books and journals, summarize others studies and result. It will filter information and get the clearly results. Another research approach would be reputation organization and news website. What is more, May be I can get record data form staff in school supermarket, for instance, it could be get the sales of every year or month in the school. Using the other cities’ secondary data compare with the primary data in Brighton Hove in order to know whether the Brighton Hove culture will influence the teenager behaviour on organic foods. Data Analysis â€Å"Thematic analysis focuses on identifiable themes and patterns of living or behaviour. † (Aronson, 1994) So in this case, the thematic analysis will be used to gather data and analyze them in interview. Moreover, another analysis is the content analysis, which will use in the interview, too. The questionnaire will be collect data by software for statistics, like Excel. Do the diagrams would be use the software, like word. Time chart JuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember Research for Literature review Formulate research strategy, design and select methods Questionnaire Interviews Field Work/ Data collection Data Analysis Write up Conclusion. This research expects to explore the teenagers’ preference on organic food in Brighton Hove, which can get exactly information to answer the research question. I hope the teenagers will more concern their health and environment and animal in order to develop a sustainable society. The organic food company may take this kind research forward, which will bring long-term benefit if they grasp customer behavior and attitude. Maybe they will not only survey the teenager, but also research the householder behavior and psychology due to they have economic power. Bibliography Aronson, J. (1994). Nova. Retrieved 6 8, 2011, from A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis: http://www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/BackIssues/QR2-1/aronson. html Baourakis, G. (2004). Marketing trends for organic food in 21st century. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Brozina, S. (2009). EuroMed Journal of Business. Cultural influences on motives for organic food consumption , p. 185. Damin. (2011). dissertation. Retrieved 6 5, 2011, from Consumer behavior and organic food dessertation: http://www. dissertation-helper. co. uk/consumer-behavior-organic-food-dissertation/ dardni. (2010). Agriculture and Rural Development. Retrieved 6 5, 2011, from The market for organic products: http://www. dardni. gov. uk/ruralni/index/bussys/organic_production/organic_business_management/marketing. htm Food Standards Agency. (2011). Safe food,better business. Retrieved 5 28, 2011, from Organic food: http://www. food. gov. uk/foodindustry/farmingfood/organicfood/ GeorgiouDunnElisha. (2002). Everything you need to know about organic foods. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Handlechner, M. (2008). Grin. Retrieved 6 7, 2011, from Organic Food: http://www. grin. com/ Kardes, R. F. , Cronley, L. M. , Cline, W. T. (2011). Consumer Behavior. Cengage Learning. Inc. Kumar, R. , Deb, K. J. , Sinha, B. N. , Sinha, V. K. (2001). Lithium Toxicity. A descriptive study , pp. 52-57. Lockie, S. (2006). Going Oorganic: mobilizing networks for environmentally responsible food production. London. Mamatha, T. , Sarada, D. (2009). Child rights: ICDS programme. Discovery Publishing House PVT. LTD. Oppapers. (2011). Oppapers. Retrieved 6 6, 2011, from Consumer Attitudes and purchase intentions in relation to organic food: http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Consumer-Attitudes-And-Purchase-Intentions-In/307542 PatzerL. Gordon. (1995). Using secondary data in marketing research: United States and worldwide. An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group,Inc. Pride, W. M. , Ferrell, O. C. (2008). Marketing. Yaga Mamas: Todays Choosy Mothers , p. 134. Samli, A. C. (1995). International consumer behavior: its impact on marketing strategy development. An imprint pf Greenwood Publishing Groups,Inc. Scribd. (2011). Scribd. Retrieved 6 7, 2011, from Research Proposal on â€Å"TheConsumer Behavior On MP3Players†: http://www. scribd. com/doc/54718736/Research-Proposal-on-the-Consumer-Behaviour-of-MP3-s Shepherd, R. (2011). Government office for Science. Retrieved 6 8, 2011, from Societal attitudes to different food production models: http://www. bis. gov. uk/Foresight Shepherd, R. , Magnusson, M. , Sjoden, P. -O. (2005). AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. Determinants of Consumer Behavior Related to Organic Foods , pp. 352-359. Sheth, N. J. (1985). Historical Perspective in Consumer Research: National and International Perspectives. HISTORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE , pp. 5-7. StringerMichael, DennisC. (2000). Chilled foods: a comprehensive guide. Woodhead Publishing Limited. The Open University. (2006). Language of Food Politics. Retrieved 5 29, 2011, from Research Report: The Discourse of Organic Food Promotion: language, intentions: http://creet. open. ac. uk/projects/language-of-food-politics/documents/4_organic_food_report. pdf University of sussex. (2010). Sussexsport. Retrieved 6 3, 2011, from Healthy Articles: http://www. sussex. ac. uk/sport/1-4-9. html Working Mother. (2006). Is Organic Food Worth it? Working Mother , 88. Wright, S. , Crea, M. D. (2007). The International Market for Organic and Fair Trade Food and Drink. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? Essay example -- Cong

Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? Works Cited Missing Narrow construction is not found in the Constitution, but the powers granted to Congress to regulate commerce are found. Exactly stated, â€Å"Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.† This clause has no definite interpretation, but has included many aspects of regulating. The word â€Å"commerce† is defined as the exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place (Webster 264). Congress has exercised this delegated power in many cases. The nature and basic guidelines of Congress’ power over commerce is first laid out in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. In addition, the case United States v. Lopez is a prime example of Congress’ ability to carry out the Commerce Clause to the furthest extent. Lastly, the case National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation brings to light the Wagner Act of 1935. T hrough a review of these three cases, it can be concluded that there are no real limitations on Congress when regulating commerce. The Constitution of the United States explicates the enumerated powers that the people have granted to their public administration. A narrow interpretation of the Constitution would mean denying the government the powers granted to them to keep order, equality, and fairness. An expanded interpretation would â€Å"extend words beyond their natural and obvious import, and we might question the application of the term†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (244). It is the government’s responsibility to exercise powers that cannot be exercised by its governed people. There are no guidelines in the Constitution’s composition that discloses how to interpret the language; therefore, it is in the hands of three federal branches of government to decipher the Constitutions meaning. A historical case that first outlined Congress’ commerce power was Gibbons v. Ogden. The courts acted here, in view of commerce, to stretch the interpretation of what was considered to be within its limits. In 1807, steam navigation became productive way of doing things. Robert Fulton was the first to make the voyage from New York to Albany by steamboat. Fulton and his partner, Robert R. Livingston, were granted special operating rights and a â€Å"five-year extension to his monopoly, wh... ...s on the Government’s power. It is the supreme law and any act that is inconsistent with it is null. The respondent’s argument that the Act â€Å"exceeds the authority of Congress† is a weak argument, which can be disproved by the Constitution, itself. Congress must be able to exercise stretching its powers in order to insure the safety of the economy. According to law, Congress must â€Å"regulate commerce.† Some individuals might feel that the Government possesses too much power, but it is necessary for them to have it. Without it, our Government would be weak and subject to failure. State legislature acts should be unconstitutional if they interfere with interstate commerce. If not, we are giving more power to our states than our Government. Congress’ power to legislate control over public schools is constitutional because it is a power delegated to them. Regulation of activities in and affecting commerce does include carrying a handgun to school. The action of bringing it does directly violate the Gun Free School Zone Act, which the Federal Government made a federal offense. Congress analyzes activities in a broad sense so that in the end, they do what is best for every individual.

Literature Survey of Methods of Data Encryption

Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY This chapter deals with the assorted documents that is been referred in order to implement this undertaking. It address the techniques that has been implemented in order to supply the security and the privateness for the information has to be stored on to the cloud. The below subdivision shows the antecedently used techniques. [ 1 ] This paper tells about the Providing secure and ei ¬?cient entree to big graduated table outsourced information is an of import constituent of cloud calculating. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to work out this job in owner-write-users-read applications. We propose to code every information block with a dii ¬Ã‹â€ erent key so that i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible cryptography-based entree control can be achieved. Through the acceptance of cardinal derivation methods, the proprietor needs to keep merely a few secrets. Analysis shows that the cardinal derivation process utilizing hash maps will present really limited calculation operating expense. We propose to utilize over-encryption and/or lazy annulment to forestall revoked users from acquiring entree to updated information blocks. We design mechanisms to manage both updates to outsourced informations and alterations in user entree rights. We investigate the operating expense and safety of the proposed attack, and survey mechanism s to better informations entree ei ¬?ciency. [ 2 ] Online personal wellness record ( PHR ) enables patients to pull off their ain medical records in a centralised manner, which greatly facilitates the storage, entree and sharing of personal wellness informations. With the outgrowth of cloud computer science, it is attractive for the PHR service suppliers to switch their PHR applications and storage into the cloud, in order to bask the elastic resources and cut down the operational cost. However, by hive awaying PHRs in the cloud, the patients lose physical control to their personal wellness informations, which makes it necessary for each patient to code her PHR information earlier uploading to the cloud waiters. Under encoding, it is disputing to accomplish i ¬?ne-grained entree control to PHR informations in a scalable and ei ¬?cient manner. For each patient, the PHR informations should be encrypted so that it is scalable with the figure of users holding entree. Besides, since there are multiple proprietors ( patients ) in a PHR system and every proprietor would code her PHR i ¬?les utilizing a dii ¬Ã‹â€ erent set of cryptanalytic keys, it is of import to cut down the cardinal distribution complexness in such multi-owner scenes. Existing cryptographic enforced entree control strategies are largely designed for the single-owner scenarios. In this paper, we propose a fresh model for entree control to PHRs within cloud calculating environment. To enable i ¬?ne-grained and scalable entree control for PHRs, we leverage attribute based encoding ( ABE ) techniques to code each patients’ PHR information. To cut down the cardinal distribution complexness, we divide the system into multiple security spheres, where each sphere manages merely a subset of the users. In this manner, each patient has full control over her ain privateness, and the cardinal direction complexness is reduced dramatically. Our proposed strategy is besides i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible, in that it supports ei ¬?cient and on-demand annulment of user entree rights, and break-glass entree under exigency scenarios. [ 3 ] Attribute-based encoding ( ABE ) is a new vision for public cardinal encoding that allows users to code and decode messages based on user properties. For illustration, a user can make a ciphertext that can be decrypted merely by other users with properties fulfilling ( â€Å"Faculty† OR ( â€Å"PhD Student† AND â€Å"Quals Completed† ) ) . Given its expressiveness, ABE is presently being considered for many cloud storage and calculating applications. However, one of the chief efficiency drawbacks of ABE is that the size of the ciphertext and the clip required to decode it grows with the complexness of the entree expression. In this work, we propose anew paradigm for ABE that mostly eliminates this operating expense for users. Suppose that ABE ciphertexts are stored in the cloud. We show how a user can supply the cloud with a individual transmutation key that allows the cloud to interpret any ABE ciphertext satisi ¬?ed by that user’s attributes into a ( constant-size ) El Gamal-style ciphertext, without the cloud being able to read any portion of the user’s messages. To exactly dei ¬?ne and show the advantages of this attack, we provide new security dei ¬?nitions for both CPA and replayable CCA security with outsourcing, several new buildings, an execution of our algorithms and elaborate public presentation measurings. In a typical coni ¬?guration, the user saves signii ¬?cantly on both bandwidth and decoding clip, without increasing the figure of transmittals. [ 4 ] We consider the job of building a secure cloud storage service to which users outsource sensitive informations for sharing with others where, in peculiar, the service supplier is non wholly trusted by the client. Cloud storage service denotes an architectural displacement toward thin clients and handily centralized proviso of both calculating and storage resources. When using cloud storage for secure informations sharing, one of the chief motivation jobs of this architecture is supplying thin clients with both strong informations coni ¬?dentiality and i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible i ¬?ne-grained entree control without enforcing extra cost on them ( clients ) . To accomplish this end, we propose a fresh information sharing protocol by uniting and working two of the latest property based cryptanalytic techniques, attribute-based encoding ( ABE ) and attribute-based signature ( ABS ) . Furthermore, we besides give a elaborate comparing of our strategy with several latest bing strategies. [ 5 ] Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption ( CP-ABE ) is a promising cryptanalytic primitive for i ¬?ne-grained entree control of shared informations. In CP-ABE, each user is associated with a set of properties and informations are encrypted with entree constructions on properties. A user is able to decode a ciphertext if and merely if his properties satisfy the ciphertext entree construction. Beside this basic belongings, practical applications normally have other demands. In this paper we focus on an of import issue of attribute annulment which is cumbrous for CP-ABE strategies. In peculiar, we resolve this ambitious issue by sing more practical scenarios in which semi-trustable online placeholder waiters are available. As compared to bing strategies, our proposed solution enables the authorization to revoke user properties with minimum ei ¬Ã‹â€ ort. We achieve this by unambiguously incorporating the technique of proxy re-encryption with CP-ABE, and enable the authoriza tion to depute most of arduous undertakings to proxy waiters. Formal analysis shows that our proposed strategy is demonstrably unafraid against chosen ciphertext onslaughts. In add-on, we show that our technique can besides be applicable to the Key-Policy Attribute Based Encryption ( KP-ABE ) opposite number. [ 6 ] Data entree control is an effectual manner to guarantee informations security in the cloud. However, due to data outsourcing and untrusted cloud waiters, the informations entree control becomes a ambitious issue in cloud storage systems. Existing entree control strategies are no longer applicable to overcast storage systems, because they either produce multiple encrypted transcripts of the same information or necessitate a to the full trusted cloud waiter. CiphertextPolicy Attribute- based Encryption ( CP-ABE ) is a promising technique for entree control of encrypted information. However, due to the inefi ¬?ciency of decoding and annulment, bing CPABE strategies can non be straight applied to build informations entree control strategy for multi-authority cloud storage systems, where users may keep properties from multiple governments. In this paper, we propose DAC-MACS ( Data Access Control for Multi-Authority Cloud Storage ) , an effectual and unafraid informations entree control strategy with efi ¬?cient decoding and annulment. Specii ¬?cally, we construct a new multi-authority CP-ABE strategy with efi ¬?cient decoding, and besides plan an efi ¬?cient property annulment method that can accomplish both forward security and backward security. We further suggest an extended informations entree control strategy ( EDAC-MACS ) , which is unafraid under weaker security premises. [ 7 ] We propose a new theoretical account for informations storage and entree in clouds. Our scheme avoids hive awaying multiple encrypted transcripts of same informations. In our model for secure informations storage, cloud shops encrypted informations ( without being able to decode them ) . The chief freshness of our theoretical account is add-on of cardinal distribution centres ( KDCs ) . We propose DACC ( Distributed Access Control in Clouds ) algorithm, where one or more KDCs distribute keys to informations proprietors and users. KDC may supply entree to peculiar i ¬?elds in all records. Therefore, a individual key replaces separate keys from proprietors. Owners and users are assigned certain set of properties. Owner encrypts the information with the properties it has and shops them in the cloud. The users with fiting set of properties can recover the information from the cloud. We apply attribute-based encoding based on bilinear couplings on elliptic curves. The strategy is collusion secure ; two users can non together decrypt any informations that none of them has single right to entree. DACC besides supports annulment of users, without redistributing keys to all the users of cloud services. We show that our attack consequences in lower communicating, calculation and storage operating expenses, compared to bing theoretical accounts and strategies. [ 8 ] Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption ( CPABE ) enables users’ encoding with an entree construction while delegating decoding capableness in conformity with attribute sets. In this paper, we study central-control annulment in CPABE environment, where the proposed key coevals, encoding and decoding algorithms closely comply with CPABE theoretical account, and cardinal update algorithm is developed. In add-on, we inherit the most efi ¬?cient annulment techniques to better the efi ¬?ciency of our cardinal update algorithm. With our strategy, users can remain attribute anon. while being associated with a alone identii ¬?er in system manager’s position, hence revoking malicious users’ decoding capablenesss harmonizing to their alone identii ¬?ers would non impact honest users’ decoding. Our strategy can be proved chosen plaintext secure based on Decisional Bilinear Difi ¬?e-Hellman ( DBDH ) premise in the standard theoretical account. We besides provide efi ¬?ciency analysis and some extensions including deputation capableness and chosen ciphertext security. [ 9 ] Secure outsourcing of calculation to an untrusted ( cloud ) service supplier is going more and more of import. Pure cryptanalytic solutions based on to the full homomorphic and verii ¬?able encoding, late proposed, are assuring but sui ¬Ã‹â€ er from really high latency. Other proposals perform the whole calculation on tamper-proof hardware and normally sui ¬Ã‹â€ er from the the same job. Trusted computer science ( TC ) is another assuring attack that uses trusted package and hardware constituents on calculating platforms to supply utile mechanisms such as attestation leting the information proprietor to verify the unity of the cloud and its calculation. However, on the one manus these solutions require trust in hardware ( CPU, trusted calculating faculties ) that are under the physical control of the cloud supplier, and on the other manus they still have to confront the challenge of run-time attestation. In this paper we focus on applications where the latency of the calculation should be minimized, i.e. , the clip from subjecting the question until having the result of the calculation should be every bit little as possible. To accomplish this we show how to unite a sure hardware item ( e.g. , a cryptanalytic coprocessor or provided by the client ) with Secure Function Evaluation ( SFE ) to calculate arbitrary maps on secret ( encrypted ) informations where the calculation leaks no information and is verii ¬?able. The item is used in the apparatus stage merely whereas in the time-critical online stage the cloud computes the encrypted map on encrypted informations utilizing symmetric encoding primitives merely and without any interaction with other entities. [ 10 ] The cardinal barrier to widespread consumption of cloud computer science is the deficiency of trust in clouds by possible clients. While preventative controls for security and privateness steps are actively being researched, there is still small focal point on investigator controls related to overcast answerability and auditability. The complexness ensuing from the sheer sum of virtualization and informations distribution carried out in current clouds has besides revealed an pressing demand for research in cloud answerability, as has the displacement in focal point of client concerns from waiter wellness and use to the unity and safety of end-users ‘ informations. This paper discusses cardinal challenges in accomplishing a sure cloud through the usage of investigator controls, and presents the TrustCloud model, which addresses answerability in cloud calculating via proficient and policy-based attacks. [ 11 ] We introduce a new and various cryptanalytic primitive called Attribute-Based Signatures ( ABS ) , in which a signature attests non to the individuality of the person who endorsed a message, but alternatively to a ( perchance composite ) claim sing the properties she posseses. ABS oi ¬Ã‹â€ ers: – A strong unforgeability warrant for the verii ¬?er, that the signature was produced by a individual party whose properties satisfy the claim being made ; i.e. , non by a collusion of persons who pooled their properties together. – A strong privateness warrant for the signer, that the signature reveals nil about the individuality or properties of the signer beyond what is explicitly revealed by the claim being made. We officially dei ¬?ne the security demands of ABS as a cryptanalytic primitive, and so depict an ei ¬?cient ABS building based on groups with bilinear couplings. We prove that our building is secure in the generic group theoretical account. Finally, we illustrate several applications of this new tool ; in peculiar, ABS i ¬?lls a critical security demand in attribute-based messaging ( ABM ) systems. A powerful characteristic of our ABS building is that unlike many other attribute-based cryptanalytic primitives, it can be readily used in a multi-authority scene, wherein users can do claims affecting combinations of properties issued by independent and reciprocally mistrusting governments. [ 12 ] The secured informations sharing is provided between the information proprietor and user based on the user’s properties. It achieves more secure and all right grained informations entree control in the informations sharing system. Data security is the cardinal concern in the distributed system. Cryptanalytic methods are used to implement the entree policies of users. But here the cardinal coevals centre ( escrow ) can obtain the messages directing between the users by bring forthing the private key. This is referred as Key escrow job. This job can be solved by escrow free key coevals utilizing 3PC ( Three Party Computation ) . Thus the proposed system gives the greater public presentation and security to the distributed informations sharing system. [ 13 ] This paper proposes aâ€Å"Mesh Signatures†which defines the mesh signature primitive as an anon. signature similar in spirit to pealing signatures, but with a much richer linguistic communication for showing signer ambiguity. The linguistic communication can stand for complex entree constructions, and in peculiar allows single signature constituents to be replaced with complete certification ironss. Because keep backing one’s public key from position is no longer a shield against being named as a possible cosigner, mesh signatures may be used as a ring signature with mandatory registration. We give an efficient building based on bilinear maps in the common random threading theoretical account. Our signatures have additive size, achieve everlasting perfect namelessness, and cut down to really efficient ring signatures without random prophets as a particular instance. Mesh signatures generalise this impression to monotone entree constructions represent able as a t ree, whose interior node are And, Or, and Threshold Gatess.